As such, it is crucial that there is adequate provision of correct and comprehensive information, resources, and reminders to encourage parents and caregivers to obtain complete and timely vaccinations for their children. The outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases can be minimized by maintaining herd immunity, which varies from 75% to 97% vaccination coverage, depending on the disease and setting in question.

ĭespite the low mortality rate of vaccine-preventable diseases, various sociodemographic groups, including young children and elderly or immunocompromised individuals, are at risk of serious, sometimes fatal, complications. Furthermore, the widespread adoption of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been thwarted by religious and cultural barriers. The now-refuted evidence linking measles-mumps-rubella with autism was seen to cause a 2% decrease in the uptake of measles-mumps-rubella vaccinations. A number of studies have investigated the reasons for vaccine refusal among parents and caregivers and have revealed that religious, philosophical, and personal beliefs, coupled with safety concerns and insufficient information, were the most commonly cited reasons. Immunization coverage of 9 routine childhood vaccinations declined in England by 0.2% to 1% during 2018 to 2019, compared with the previous year, and 1.3% of children born in 2015 in the United States received no vaccinations by the age of 2 years, compared with 0.9% of those born in 2011.

Nevertheless, an increase in vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks has also been identified in developed countries, which is associated with declining vaccination uptake. Most of these children lived in developing countries, where access to vaccines and antenatal services is somewhat limited. In 2018, it was estimated that immunization prevented 2 to 3 million deaths each year, yet over 19 million children worldwide under the age of 1 year did not receive basic vaccines.

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